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Mohammed Rafi
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Mohammed Rafi

Mohammed Rafi
Background information
Born
December 24, 1924
Origin
Kotla Sultan Singh, Amritsar,Punjab, India
Died
July 31, 1980 (aged 55)
Genre(s)
Hindi and Regional Playback
Occupation(s)
Singer
Instrument(s)
Vocalist
Years active
1944–1980
Mohammed Rafi (Hindi: मोहम्मद रफ़ी, Urdu: محمد رفیع, December 24, 1924 – July 31, 1980) was a popular Indian playback singer. He sang in many Indian languages, including Hindi, Urdu,Punjabi, Marathi and Telugu, but he is primarily remembered for his songs from Hindi cinema (also known as Bollywood). His songs are very popular in the Indian subcontinent and also amongst the emigrant Indians globally. Along with Mukesh and Kishore Kumar, he was one of the three leading male Bollywood playback singers from the 1950s to the 1970s.
Contents[hide]
1 Early days
2 Initial days in Bombay
3 Rise to fame
4 Last years
5 After death
6 Awards
6.1 Government Awards
6.2 National Film Awards
6.3 Filmfare Awards
6.4 Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
7 References
8 External links
//

[edit] Early days
Mohammed Rafi was born at Kotla Sultan Singh (or Kotla Sultanpur), a town near Amritsar in Punjab (British India). His father was Hajji Ali Mohammad, and he had five older brothers.[1] Rafi, whose nickname was Pheeko, started singing by imitating chants of a fakir in his village.[1] In 1935-36, Rafi's father shifted to Lahore, and the rest of the family followed later. Rafi's family managed a men's salon in Lahore's Noor Mohalla.[2] His elder brother-in-law Mohammed Hameed was aware of Rafi's love for music and encouraged it. Rafi learnt Hindustani classical music from Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Ustad Abdul Wahid Khan, Pandit Jiwanlal Matto and Firoze Nizami.[3][4]
One day Rafi and his brother-in-law Hameed went to attend a performance by K. L. Saigal. But the legendary singer refused to sing because there was a power failure at the venue. Hameed went up to the organizer to ask whether his brother-in-law could sing to keep the audience quiet. That was Rafi's first public performance, at the age of 13.[3]
Rafi was noted by the composer Shyam Sunder, who gave him a chance to sing a duet Soniye nee, Heeriye nee with Zeenat Begum, in the Punjabi film Gul Baloch in 1942 (the film was released in 1944).[5] Rafi was also invited by the Lahore radio station to be a permanent singer with them.[6]

[edit] Initial days in Bombay
1944, Rafi decided to move to Bombay (now Mumbai). He was introduced to some leading film producers such as Abdul Rashid Kardar, Mehboob Khan and actor-director Nazeer by Tanvir Naqvi.[2] He contacted the famous music director Naushad with a letter of recommendation from someone. Initially, Naushad used Rafi as part of a chorus. Rafi's first song with Naushad was Hindustan ke hum hain with Shyam Kumar, Alauddin and others, from A. R. Kardar's Pehle Aap (1944). Around the same time, Rafi recorded another song for the film Gaon ki Gori (1944) for the composer Shyam Sunder, Aji dil ho kaaboo mein with G. M. Durrani and chorus. He considered this song as his first Hindi language song.[6] In 1945, Rafi got married to his cousin Bashira, nicknamed "Majhi", in his village.[1]
In 1945, Rafi also appeared on the screen for the song "Tera Jalwa Jis Ne Dekha" in the film Laila Majnu.[6] He sang a number of songs for Naushad as part of a chorus, including "Mere sapnon ki rani, Roohi Roohi" with K. L. Saigal from the film Shahjahan (1946). Rafi was first noted for the song Tera Khilona Toota Balak from Mehboob Khan's Anmol Ghadi (1946). His duet with Noor Jehan in the film Jugnu 1947, Yahan Badla Wafa Ka became a hit song.
In 1948, Rafi was also noted for the song Suno Suno Aye Duniya Walon Bapuji Ki Amar Kahani, written by Rajendra Krishan. He was invited by the Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, to sing at the latter's house. In 1948, Rafi received a silver medal from Nehru on the Indian Independence Day. In 1949, Rafi was given solo songs by music directors such as Naushad (Chandni Raat, Dillagi and Dulari), Shyam Sunder (Bazaar) and Husnalal Bhagatram (Meena Bazaar).

[edit] Rise to fame
Rafi established himself as the number one playback singer in Bollywood with the songs of Baiju Bawra (1952).[6] The songs from Baiju Bawra, O duniya ke rakhwale and Man tarpat Hari darshan ko aaj established Rafi's credentials.[5] The newly-started radio program Binaca Geetmala also played the songs, leading to an increase in their popularity. It is said that Talat Mahmood used to be Naushad's favorite singer. Talat had planned a three month tour to Europe and despite repeated requests to cancel the trip went ahead. Making the songs to be recorded to wait meant delayed release. He hired Rafi to sing for Baiju Bawra[citation needed]. By the time Talat came back from Europe, Rafi was a phenomenon.Later, Naushad started using Rafi as the male voice in almost every song composed by him. Rafi sang a total of 149 songs (81 of them solo) for Naushad.[7]
In 1950s and 1960s, Rafi became the favorite singer of other composers too, notably O. P. Nayyar, Shankar Jaikishan and Sachin Dev Burman. S D Burman patronized Rafi as the singing voice of Dev Anand in 1950s and 1960s.[8] Rafi's notable songs with S. D. Burman included songs from the movies Tere Ghar ke Saamne (1957), Pyaasa (1957), Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), Guide (1965), Aradhana (1969) and Abhimaan (1973). O P Nayyar was so impressed with Rafi that he got Rafi to sing a song Man mora baawara for singer-actor Kishore Kumar, in the movie Raagini. Rafi sang for Kishore Kumar in many other movies such as Baaghi, Shehzaada and Shararat.[9] O. P. Nayyar used Rafi and Asha Bhosle for most of his songs. The team created many hit songs in early 1950s and 1960s for movies such as Naya Daur (1957), Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957) and Kashmir Ki Kali (1964). Rafi sang a total of 197 numbers (56 solo) for O P Nayyar.[10] The team of Shankar Jaikishan and Rafi is noted for the songs picturized on Rajendra Kumar. Rafi sang a total of 341 numbers (216 solo) for Shankar-Jaikishan.[7]
Rafi got his first Filmfare Award for the title song of Chaudhvin Ka Chand (1960), composed by Ravi. He got his first National Award for the song Babul Ki Duaen Leti Ja from the film Neel Kamal (1968), also composed by Ravi. Ravi and Rafi produced several other hit songs, in the films such as China Town (1962), Kaajal (1965), and Do Badan (1966). Madan Mohan was another composer whose favorite singer was Rafi. Rafi's first solo with Madan Mohan in Ankhen (1950) "Hum ishq mein barbad hain barbad rahenge" was a great hit.[6] They teamed up to produce many hit songs including Teri Aankhon ke Siva, "rang aur noor ki baraat", Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil and Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho. The composer duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal ("L-P") also patronized Rafi as one of their leading singers since their first released film, Parasmani (1963). Both Rafi and L-P won the Filmfare Awards for the song Chahoonga main tujhe saanjh savere from Dosti. Rafi sang a total of 369 numbers (186 solo) for LP.[7] Rafi sang for many lesser-known composers as well. Once, when a minor composer, Nisar Bazmi (who migrated to Pakistan in early 1960s), did not have enough money to pay him, Rafi charged a fee of one rupee and sang for him.
In the 1960s, Rafi was not on good terms with Lata Mangeshkar, the most sought-after female playback singer in Bollywood, over royalty issues. Lata wanted Rafi to back her in demanding a half-share from the five percent song royalty that the film's producer conceded to select composers.[11] But Rafi took a diametrically opposite view, and believed that a playback singer's claim on the filmmaker ended with the payment of agreed fee for the song. During the recording of Tasveer Teri Dil Mein (Maya, 1961), Lata lost her cool with Rafi in a certain passage of the song. Rafi felt belittled, as music director Salil Chowdhury sided with Lata.[12] The situation worsened when Lata Mangeshkar declared that she would no longer sing with Rafi. Rafi stated that he was only so keen to sing with Lata as she was with him.[12] Later, at the insistence of S.D.Burman, the two decided to make up and sing duets, but on a personal level, they were not on good terms.
Between 1950 and 1970, Rafi was the most sought after singer in Bollywood, some say, at the expense of the careers of contemporaries like Manna Dey, Talat Mahmood, and Hemant Kumar.[13] He did playback singing for all the major male stars in Hindi films until his death.[14] In 1965, he was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Sri award.
Rafi recorded two hindi songs in English on 7" release in 1968. He also sang a song in Creole language, while his visit to Mauritius in the late 1960s.[3]
Rafi recorded two English albums. One of them is Pop Hits. In Bollywood, yodeling is generally associated with Kishore Kumar. But Rafi also used yodeling in some of old songs, such as Hello sweety seventeen (duet with Asha Bhosle), O Chale ho kaha, Dilke Aine main, Unse Rippy Tippy Ho gayee (duet with Geeta Dutt).

[edit] Last years
Kishore Kumar overshadowed Rafi as the most sought-after singer in Bollywood in 1970s, starting with the film Aradhana (1969).[11][15] The music for Aradhana was composed by S. D. Burman, and he had used Rafi as the male playback voice for the first two recorded duets, Baaghon Mein Bahaar Hai and Gunguna Rahen Hain Bhanwre.[8] After these two recordings, S. D. Burman fell ill and his son and assistant, R. D. Burman, took over the recordings. R. D. Burman got Kishore Kumar to sing the solos Roop Tera Mastana and Mere Sapnon Ki Rani, which led to Kishore Kumar's popularity. Kishore Kumar's rise and R D Burman's patronage to him sidelined Rafi's career in early 1970s. Some also say that Rafi was advised against singing at the Hajj Pilgrimage, so he deliberately spent the next few months away from the recording studios by living in London.
From 1971–1976, Rafi's output was less, but he sang several hit songs during this period.[16]. Some of his hit songs in early 1970s were with music directors like L-P, Madan Mohan, R. D. Burman and S. D. Burman. Some of Rafi's popular songs from this period include Yeh Duniya Yeh Mehfil from Heer Ranjha (1970), Chura Liya Hain Tumne from Yaadon Ki Baarat, Yeh Jo Chilman Hain and Itna to Yaad Hain Mujhe from Mehboob Ki Mehndi, Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho from Hanste Zakhm (1973), Gulabi Aankhen from The Train, Aaj Mausam bada Beimaan hai from Loafer (1973), and Jhilmil Sitaron ka from Jeevan Mrityu (1974).
Rafi made a comeback as a leading playback singer in mid-1970s. In 1974, he won the Film World magazine Best Singer Award for the song Teree Galiyon Mein Na Rakhenge Qadam Aaj Ke Baad (Hawas) composed by Usha Khanna.[7] In 1977, he won both Filmfare Award and the National Award for the song Kya Hua Tera Wada from the movie Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin, composed by R. D. Burman.[8] Rafi did playback for Rishi Kapoor in films like Amar Akbar Anthony (1977), Sargam (1979) and Karz (1980). The qawwali Pardah Hai Pardah from Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) was a superhit. Rafi gave many other hit songs in late 1970s and early 80s, notably for the films Laila Majnu (1976), Apnapan (1978), Qurbani, Dostana (1980) The Burning Train (1980) Naseeb (1981) Abdullah (1980) Shaan (1980) and Asha (1980)
On Thursday, July 31, 1980 after composing the song Shaam phir kyun udaas hai dost for the movie Aas Paas with Laxmikant-Pyarelal (L-P), Rafi asked if he could leave for home. L-P were surprised because Rafi would be the last person to leave the recording session.[17] While leaving, Rafi said once again "OK. I will leave." Rafi died at 10.50 p.m. on the same day due to a massive heart attack. His funeral procession was one of the largest Mumbai ever witnessed. The Republic of India mourned his death, and there was public holidays for two days in his honor.[citation needed] Shammi Kapoor, who was shooting outside Mumbai, rushed back to attend his funeral in Mumbai. Later, the Padma Shri Mohammed Rafi Chowk in the Bandra suburb of Mumbai was named after him.[18]
In his last years, Rafi was involved in controversy over Lata Mangeshkar's entry in the Guinness Book of World Records. In a letter dated June 11, 1977 to the Guinness Book of World Records, Rafi had challenged the claim that Lata Mangeshkar has recorded the maximum number of songs ("not less than 25,000" according to Guinness). After receiving a rather escapist reply from Guinness, in a letter dated November 20, 1979, he wrote: "I am disappointed that my request for a reassessment vis-a-vis Ms Mangeshkar's reported world record has gone unheeded.".[18] After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of Word Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings" but also stated: "Mohammad Rafi (d 1 Aug 1980) [sic] claimed to have recorded 28,000 songs in 11 Indian languages between 1944 and April 1980.".[19] Many fans of Rafi state that he has sung over 28,000 songs. However, according to the available figures, Rafi has sung 4,516 Hindi film songs, 112 non-Hindi film songs, and 328 private (non-film) songs from 1945 to 1980.[19] The Guinness Book entries for both Rafi and Lata were later removed in 1991.
Mohammed Rafi had 4 sons (Saeed Rafi, Khalid Rafi, Hamid Rafi, Shahid Rafi) and 3 daughters (Parveen, Nasreen, Yasmin) residing in London, UK and Mumbai, India. He was a grandfather to 18 grandchildren.

[edit] After death
2001 - Voice of the millennium award by Stardust & hero Honda. Rafi's song from the film Gumnaam (1966), Jaan Pehechaan Ho, was used on the soundtrack of Ghost World (2001). The film opens with the lead character dancing around in her bedroom to a video of Gumnaam.[20] Several of Rafi's unreleased songs will be used for an upcoming film titled Sorry Madam.[21]
In the summer of 2008, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra is due to release a double CD entitled "Rafi Resurrected" comprising 16 legendary songs by Rafi. Bollywood star Sonu Nigam has provided the vocals for this project and is expected to tour with the CBSO in July 2008 at venues including the world famous English National Opera in London, Manchester's Apollo Theatre and Symphony Hall, Birmingham[22] On Saturday 22 September 2007, a shrine to Rafi designed by artist Tasawar Bashir was unveiled in Birmingham. Bashir is hoping that Rafi will attain sainthood as a result.[23]
Both Rafi and Lata Mangeshkar are mentioned in Cornershop's homage to Indian playback musicians, "Brimful of Asha."

[edit] Awards
2001 - Rafi was honored with the "best singer of the millennium" by Hero Honda and Stardust magazine in Mumbai on Jan 7, 2001.

[edit] Government Awards
1948 - Rafi received a silver medal from the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, on the first anniversary of the Indian Independence Day.[6].
1965 - he was honoured with the Padmashri by the Government of India [1]

[edit] National Film Awards
Winner
1968 - National Award for Best Male Playback Singer for Neel Kamal composed by Ravi.
Winner
1977 - National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for Kya Hua Tera Wada song in the film Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin), composed by RD Burman, lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri.[4]

[edit] Filmfare Awards
Winner
1960 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Chaudhvin Ka Chand Ho song in the film Chaudhvin Ka Chand
1961 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Teri Pyaari Pyaari Surat Ko song in the film Sasural
1964 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Chahunga Mein Tujhe song in the film Dosti
1966 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Baharon Phool Barsao song in the film Suraj
1968 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Dil Ke Jharoke Mein song in the film Brahmachari
1977 - Filmfare Best Male Playback Award for Kya Hua Tera Vaada song in the film Hum Kisi Se Kum Nahin
Nominated
1961 - Husnwale Tera Jawaab Nahin song in the film Gharana
1962 - Aye Gulbadan Aye Gulbadan song in the film Professor
1963 - Mere Mehboob Tujhe song in the film Mere Mehboob
1965 - Choo Lene Do Nazuk Hothon Ko song in the film Kaajal
1968 - Mein Gaaon Tum Sojaao song in the film Brahmachari
1968 - Babul Ki Duayein Leti Ja song in the film Neel Kamal
1969 - Badi Mastani Hai song in the film Jeene Ki Raah
1970 - Khilona Jaan Kar song in the film Khilona
1973 - Hum Ko To Jaan Se Pyaari song in the film Naina
1974 - Achha Hi Huva Dil Toot Gaya song in the film Maa Behen Aur Biwi
1977 - Pardah Hai Pardah song in the film Amar Akbar Anthony
1978 - Aadmi Musaafir Hai song in the film Apnapan
1979 - Chalo Re Doli Uthao Kahaar song in the film Jani Dushman
1980 - Mere Dost Kissa Yeh song in the film Dostana
1980 - Dard-e-dil Dard-e-jigar song in the film Karz
1980 - Maine Poocha Chand Se song in the film Abdullah

[edit] Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
Winner
1965 - Best Male Playback Singer for Dosti [2]
1966 - Best Male Playback Singer for Arzoo [24]

[edit] References
^ a b c Varinder Walia (2003-06-16). "Striking the right chord". The Tribune: Amritsar Plus. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b Syed Abid Ali (2003-06-16). "The Way It Was: Tryst With Bollywood". Daily Times, Pakistan. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b c "Mohammed Rafi". Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b Amit Puri. "When Rafi sang for Kishore Kumar". The Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b M.L. Dhawan (2004-07-25). "His voice made him immortal". Spectrum (The Tribune). Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b c d e f "Hall Of Fame: Saatwan Sur". Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b c d Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b c Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi? (Page 2)". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ "Mohammed Rafi". Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 5". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 3". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b Raju Bharatan (2006-08-21). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 4". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ Arthur J Pais (2006-08-21). "Did Mohammad Rafi get his due?". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ Mohammed Rafi: Everyone's Voice
^ Anil Grover (2005-07-29). "Forever velvet". The Telegraph. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ Rajiv Vijayakar (2002). "The mammoth myth about Mohammed Rafi". Screen. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
^ V. Gangadhar (2005-08-05). "The immortal Rafi". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 6". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ a b Raju Bharatan (2006-08-23). "How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 7". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ Mike D'Angelo. "Teenage wasteland: Adolescent angst takes on new dimensions in the magnificently mundane Ghost World". Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ "Tributes to legendary Mohammad Rafi". Retrieved on 2007-04-28.
^ "Mumbai to Birmingham" (2007-04-30). Retrieved on 2007-06-14.
^ Mohammed Rafi Sainthood Attempt
^ 29th Annual BFJA Awards

[edit] External links
Mohdrafi.com, a fan site
Mohammed Rafi, UrduPoetry.com
Lyrics of Hindi Movie Songs sung by Mohammed Rafi
Eternal Rafi - A Website dedicated to Rafi Sahab with live radio, jukebox, videos, lyrics etc.
Rafi.co.in : Resources Collection About Mohd. Rafi
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Rafi"
Categories: 1924 births 1980 deaths Bollywood playback singers Indian film singers Indian Muslims People from Amritsar Indian male singers
Hidden categories: Articles with unsourced statements All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements since August 2007 Articles with unsourced statements since November 2007

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Alive In Andes

कृपया इस सत्यघटना को एक बार ध्यान से पढ़े । मैंने इसे पढ़ा तो मेरे रोंगटे खड़े हो गए । क्या ऐसा हो सकता है । संक्षिप्त में बतादूँ की करीब ४८ पैसेंजर एक विमान में सवार थे, वे सारे अन्दिस के बर्फीले पहाडो में भटक गए और शुरू हो गई ७२ दिनों की एक अलग दुनिया ।

The Accident?s History ? Day by Day
October 1972

November 1972

December 1972

OCTOBER 1972

Thursday 12: The Fairchild F-227 left Carrasco airport and landed in Mendoza. See Passengers List

Friday 13: Take-off from Mendoza and crash in the Andes. In the impact, 12 people died and during the first night, 3 more people passed away.

Saturday 14: It was realized that Vizintwas losing blood from one of his arms and the bleeding was stopped. The co-pilot Dante Lagurara died and at mid-day, the woman named Mariani also passed away.

Sunday 15: Adolfo Strauch invented a contraption that converted snow to water. Fernando Parrado regained consciousness and took care of his sister, Susana, who was in a critical state. A little after mid-day, they watched three airplanes pass, although the planes were in the distance. A little later, one passed very close to the wreckage of the Fairchild and moved its wings, making the survivors believe that they had been seen. The belief was that rescue was immanent but nothing else happened that day. As the afternoon passed, the captain of the team, Marcelo Perez, discovered that someone had eaten part of the food which had been rationed.

Monday 16: Canessa constructed hammocks for Rafael Echevarren and Arturo Nogueira who were badly injured. Fito Strauch discovered that by attaching the seat cushions to their feet, they could walk on the snow without sinking.

Tuesday 17: Carlos P, Turcatti, Canessa and Fito Strauch walked up the mountain from the accident site, trying to see what was on the other side of the ridge as well as searching for the tail. Without finding anything, they returned, exhausted, to the fuselage.

Saturday 21: Susana Parrado died in the arms of her brother, Nando.

Sunday 22: A meeting was held in the interior of the airplane and, because the meager food supplies had run out and there were neither vegetables nor anything else to eat, they decided to nourish themselves with the corpses of their companions. Canessa took the initiative although some others refused to eat.

Monday 23: Using a radio found inside the Fairchild, the survivors learned that the rescue mission had ceased because of poor results. Turcatti, Maspons and Zerbino climbed the mountain following the track left in the snow by the airplane. They decided to stay the night on the mountain and returned the following day.

Tuesday 24: Continuing their ascent, they found pieces of the wing, the corpse of one of their friends, three members of the ?Old Christians? and two members of the crew. Finally, they returned to the fuselage without having found the tail section.

Sunday 29: In the late afternoon as the survivors were getting ready to spend another night in the fuselage of the airplane, an avalanche descended down the mountain and with total fury, entered the Fairchild, and buried all those who were lying down. Those who were not trapped tried to rescue the others who were covered by the snow. Eight people died, leaving 19 survivors.
Daniel Maspons
Juan Carlos Men鮤ez
Liliana Methol
Gustavo Nicolich

Marcelo P鲥z
Enrique Platero
Carlos Roque
Diego Storm

Monday 30: With a storm raging and a layer of snow accumulating on the outside of the fuselage, the survivors were trapped and celebrated Numa Turcatti?s birthday inside the cramped quarters of the airplane.

Tuesday 31: Carlos P᥺?s birthday was celebrated in the same way as Numa Turcatti.

NOVEMBER 1972

Wednesday 1: The sky cleared and the weather improved. With tools made from found materials, the survivors shoveled the snow from the interior of the fuselage and removed the corpses. Also, it was Pancho Delgado?s birthday. Fran篩s and Inciarte climbed 100 meters up the mountain and returned. A few days later, Turcatti and Algorta climbed to the wing of the plane.

Sunday 5: To find out who would accompany Canessa and Parrado on the final expedition, P᥺, Harley and Vizintheaded down the mountain on a 2 day expedition, testing physical and mental limits. They found the rear door of the airplane, two aluminum receptacles and a third which contained coffee residue. The climb back up to the fuselage was almost impossible and the trio arrived after sunset. Finally, despite the suffering endured by Harley and P᥺ during the expedition, only Vizintwas chosen to accompany Parrado and Canessa.

Wednesday 15: Due to the inflammation of the wounds on his legs, Arturo Nogueira passed away. The expeditionaries intended to leave the base camp and to head west but after three hours, worsening weather conditions made them turn back.

Friday 17: Parrado, Canessa and Vizintleft the group and headed west, hoping to reach Chile. Along their path, they found the tail of the airplane and in the surrounding area, piles of suitcases, inside of which were food, clothing, and cartons of cigarettes. They found batteries inside the tail and also, better sleeping conditions than the fuselage. They spent the night.

Saturday 18: The three expeditionaries continued their hike to the northwest and decided to spend a night out on the mountain. On this day, in the fuselage, Rafael Echevarren died.

Sunday 19: They returned to the tail of the plane and because the batteries were so heavy, they decided that the batteries could not be carried to the radio. The radio would be brought to the tail. When they arrived at the base camp, they met their companions and showed them all that they had found in the suitcases.

Thursday 23: It was Bobby Fran篩s? birthday and the others gave him a packet of cigarettes. Canessa and Parrado removed the radio panel from the airplane.

Friday 24: Vizint Canessa, Parrado and Harley made the 1 ? hour trek to the tail with the radio. Harley was responsible to make the radio work. Upon their arrival, they found more suitcases that had appeared when the show had melted.

Saturday 25: They worked to connect the radio to the batteries and failed in their attempts.

Sunday 26: Parrado and Vizint returned to the plane because the food items that they had brought with them had run out already. Harley and Canessa stayed at the tail, trying to make the radio work.

Tuesday 28: Parrado and Vizint brought more provisions to the tail. The survivors learned by transistor radio that the search for them had been renewed by the C-47 of the Uruguayan Air Force.

Wednesday 29: The four, (Harley, Canessa, Vizintand Parrado) returned to the airplane without being able to make the radio function.

DECEMBER 1972

Saturday 9: Parrado?s birthday and the others gave him a cigar that had recently been found in the tail.

Monday 11: A large cross was drawn in the snow with the suitcases in case an airplane should pass above. Numa Turcatti, close friend to Pancho Delgado died.

Tuesday 12: Canessa, Parrado and Vizintset off on the final expedition to find the valleys of Chile. That night, using a sleeping bag that had been made by their companions, they slept beside a huge rock.

Wednesday 13: Canessa saw a trail along the valley that made him think that it was a road. He said nothing and the group continued climbing. By afternoon, they reached a refuge in which to sleep that was similar to their ?bed? the night before. Canessa mentioned the road and suggested retracing their steps but Parrado disagreed and an argument ensued. They slept without reaching a decision.As food stores were running low at the airplane, Zerbino and Fito went searching for cadavers and although they found one, they were too tired to bring it back to the fuselage.

Thursday 14: While Vizintand Parrado continued their ascent, Canessa stayed where they had slept, gazing at what appeared to him to be the road. Finally, Parrado reached the summit of the mountain and when he looked over the edge, he saw an interminable mountain range. They decided that Vizintmust leave his ration of food and return to the Fairchild so that Canessa and Parrado could survive longer and more likely, reach civilization. They slept in a similar fashion as they had the two nights previous. At the base camp, Parado and Algorta climbed through the valley looking for more dead bodies. When they found one, they covered it with snow to prevent it rotting in the sun.

Friday 15: In the morning, the thirteen men who had stayed at the airplane saw something sliding down the mountain. At first, they thought it was a rock but then they realized it was Vizintwho was using one of the seats of the airplane as a toboggan. Upon arrival, he explained that Canessa and Parrado were continuing on to Chile and that he had left his food ration with them. While Fito, Zerbino and Algorta were out retrieving the body that had been found the previous day, the others heard on the radio that the cross that they had built of suitcases had been sighted by a Uruguayan C-47.

Saturday 16: Canessa and Parrado spent three hours climbing to the peak where Parrado had been and from there, searched for the best route down. In the afternoon, after descending a considerable distance, they slept.

Sunday 17: With great dismay, the survivors at the airplane learned that the cross found by the C-47 was the one that the Argentinean meteorologists had built. By mid-day, Parrado and Canessa had reached the base of the mountain and began following the valley: the route that they had agreed upon from the peak of the mountain. At one place where they rested, they saw a creek and nearby, moss and reeds. This was the first sign of vegetation that they had seen since the accident. Despite being exhausted, Canessa picked some herbs and ate them.

Monday 18: Continuing their hike down the valley, Parrado became impatient to see what was ahead. He speeded up and left Canessa behind. Finally, the snow came to an end and they saw an extraordinary sight. There was no snow and vegetation flourished. A small river flowed to the west and they could see animals. They rested and then walked on toward the river. A little later, Canessa noticed that he had lost his sunglasses and without them, he could go blind from the glare of the snow. They retraced their steps to find the glasses and then they continued on their way, crossing the rushing river. That night, they slept soundly for the first time since leaving the plane.

Tuesday 19: In the morning, the expeditionaries spotted a herd of cows and this encouraged them to keep walking. They found the first sign of civilization: an empty soup can and then, a horse shoe. Later, when they saw more cattle and felled trees, they were assured that civilization was close by. Certain that they would be saved, they slept well.

Wednesday 20: When they woke, they purged their rucksacks of unnecessary items like the sleeping bag and walked on, disconcerted that they saw no more signs of civilization. Canessa felt sick so Parrado carried all their belongings. Finally, they came to a stone corral and bedded down close by. Before sleeping, Parrado noted that their intended path was blocked by a second river that joined the one they were following. Canessa, still weak with stomach cramps, was picking up firewood when he spotted a man on horseback on the other side of the river. His shouts alerted Parrado but when Parrado ran to the river, neither of the men could see anyone. A little later, they heard someone yell and saw three men on the other side of the river. Canessa and Parrado gestured and shouted desperately for help. One of the riders reined in his horse and yelled something to them. The noise of the river drowned out his voice and they could only decipher the word, ?tomorrow.? ?Tomorrow? was quite enough coming from someone from the outside world and they fell asleep happy.

Thursday 21: Back at the airplane, Carlos P᥺ and Daniel Fernᮤez had the premonition that the expeditionaries had succeeded in finding help. That morning, Parrado and Canessa saw the three men again on the other side. Parrado called to them and one came to the bank of the river. Writing a note on a piece of paper, the man wrapped it around a stone and threw it across the river. Parrado picked it up and read, ?I have sent a man who will arrive there soon.? Parrado responded by writing the following: ?I come from a plane that crashed in the mountains. I am Uruguayan. We have been walking for ten days. I have a wounded friend up there. In the plane there are still fourteen injured people. We have to get out of here quickly and we don?t know how. We don?t have any food. We are weak. When are you going to come to fetch us? Please. We cannot walk. Where are we? SOS.? When he finished, he used the same method to hurl the message to the man who read it and showed his understanding by tossing some bread to the expeditionaries. Some hours later, a man arrived on horseback. Canessa and Parrado briefly explained their story. He gave them bread and took them to a hut where they ate ravenously. They learn that the man, who found them, Sergio Catalᮬ had taken their letter to the customs officials. Later, a group of customs officers arrived with Sergio who told them that three helicopters have been sent for from Santiago. The other survivors heard the news by radio that the two expeditionaries had been found and brought to safety.

Friday 22: With great dismay, Parrado and Canessa woke to a foggy morning and recognized that the helicopters would not have sufficient visibility to fly. They ate breakfast and then met with the growing crowd of journalists from around the globe. They eagerly answered questions but tried to avoid talking about how they sustained themselves. Later, the peace of their small village, Los Maitenes, was broken by the arrival of helicopters and, guided by Parrado, they embarked on the treacherous flight, over a high mountain summit to the valley where the Fairchild remains lay. The 14 survivors, crazy with joy, met the helicopters and as the first 6 people left, they gave thanks to the mountains for the rescue. Weather conditions had deteriorated too much to allow a second flight that day so the other eight survivors remained for one more night with a medical team and mountaineers as support. When the group arrived at Los Maitenes, it was an ecstasy of joy. Hugging, laughing and rolling in the grass, they celebrated their salvation. A few hours later, they were taken to the St. John of God Hospital in San Fernando.

Saturday 23: At 10AM, the helicopters came back for the 8 survivors that had stayed in the plane and the scene of joy was repeated again at Los Maitenes. Different from the first group, they were first taken to Colchagua and then were transported to the National Health Service Hospital in Santiago. Six of the survivors were discharged immediately and went to the Sheraton Hotel. Harley and Methol were detained at the hospital where Inciarte and Mangino were already patients and the four shared the same room. At seven that evening, all of the survivors except Harley, Methol, Inciarte and Mangino met in the Sheraton de San Cristobal. Sunday 24: The four others were discharged from the hospital and joined the others at the Sheraton. Roberto Fran篩s and Daniel Fernᮤez returned to Montevideo and the others celebrated Christmas Eve together.

Tuesday 26: The group dispersed: Parrado moved to a house in Vi��el Mar; Algorta moved to a house outside of Santiago. The Santiago newspaper: ?El mercurio? published a full front page article focusing on their cannibalism and in response, the survivors planned to offer a press conference upon return to Montevideo.

Thursday 28: The survivors arrived in Montevideo and gave a press conference in which they explained the whole 72 day ordeal. Roy Harley, still very weak, remained in Chile and returned home a few days later.

Saturday, June 7, 2008

My New Blog Dedicated To Madan Mohan

Dear Visiter,
I have started a new blog related to Madan Mohan the great musician. If you have any close information about him please leave a commant in madanmohan17.blogspot.com
Thank you very much for visit my blog.